🌿 ArbGard Online

Mount Washington Arboretum · Baltimore, MD

Basil

Lemon

Ocimum americanum

Annual

Care at a glance

☀️ LightFull sun (6–8 hrs)
💧 WaterRegular; keep moist but not waterlogged
📅 Days to maturity60–90
🌀 LifecycleAnnual
🗺 Hardiness zoneAnnual (frost-sensitive)
🌡 Temperature55°F – 90°F
↕ Height12–24"
↔ Spread10–16"
📏 Spacing12" apart

Soil

pH: 6.0–7.0  ·  Rich, moist, well-drained

Nutrients & Fertilizing

Moderate; balanced fertilizer monthly

Baltimore Planting Windows

Based on last frost ~May 1, first frost ~Oct 31 (Zone 7a)
🌱 Direct sow (spring)May 15 – Jun 1
🪴 Transplant out (spring)May 1 – May 15

About this plant

Vibrant and flavorful lemon basil is an herb that will add zip and zest to your cooking. It is a highly regarded culinary ingredient across the globe. Essential to many Asian dishes and highly fragrant.

Germination

7-14

How to plant

• 8-12 hours of Sun • Sprouts in 6-10 Days • Ideal Temperature: 70-85 Degrees F • Seed Depth: 1/4" • Plant Spacing: 8-12"

Growing tips

Lemon basil thrives in warm soil and full sun, needing consistent moisture without waterlogging—aim for soil that's damp but well-draining. Water at the base early morning to keep foliage dry and prevent fungal issues. Feed every 2–3 weeks with balanced fertilizer or compost tea once plants are established; avoid over-nitrogen, which dilutes flavor. Pinch out flower buds regularly to encourage bushy growth and extend the harvest season. Watch for spider mites in hot, dry conditions and aphids in spring; spray with water or insecticidal soap at first sign. Powdery mildew can appear in humid weather, so ensure good air circulation and avoid overhead watering.

Harvesting

Begin harvesting leaves once the plant has 6–8 true leaves, typically 3–4 weeks after transplanting. Pinch or cut from the top of stems to encourage branching and bushier growth; removing flower buds at the same time keeps energy in leaf production. For peak lemon flavor, harvest in the morning after dew dries but before heat peaks. Lemon basil dries well and retains its citrus notes better than many basil varieties; hang-dry in bundles or use a dehydrator on low heat. Fresh leaves store 3–5 days in a damp towel in the fridge, or freeze in oil for longer storage.

Recipes using this plant

Fermented Herb Mix · by Grace McClintock
Another way to use whatever the garden is providing, but also create something that keeps for a long time. This is a fermented fresh herb salad dressing mix made in late summer and fall for use all winter. Stir into vinegar and olive oil for a quick dressing, blend into drained kefir for a creamy dip, or add to soups. Recipe from Monique Trahan via Grace.

Member notes about this plant

No notes yet — be the first to share an observation.

Add a note

Ask a fellow garden member if you don't know it.