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Mount Washington Arboretum · Baltimore, MD

Basil

lettuce leaf

Ocimum basilicum

Annual

Care at a glance

☀️ LightFull sun (6–8 hrs)
💧 WaterRegular; keep moist but not waterlogged
📅 Days to maturity60–90
🌀 LifecycleAnnual
🗺 Hardiness zoneAnnual (frost-sensitive)
🌡 Temperature55°F – 90°F
↕ Height12–24"
↔ Spread10–16"
📏 Spacing12" apart

Soil

pH: 6.0–7.0  ·  Rich, moist, well-drained

Nutrients & Fertilizing

Moderate; balanced fertilizer monthly

Baltimore Planting Windows

Based on last frost ~May 1, first frost ~Oct 31 (Zone 7a)
🌱 Direct sow (spring)May 15 – Jun 1
🪴 Transplant out (spring)May 1 – May 15

About this plant

Leaves are Jurassic in size but pleasantly mild in flavor, making Lettuce Leaf basil incredibly versatile in the kitchen. Huge 6" leaves are great in size and nutritious.

Germination

Lettuce leaf basil prefers warm soil between 70–75°F for reliable sprouting, typically emerging in 5–10 days. Seeds need light to germinate, so sow them on the surface of moist seed-starting mix and do not cover them. You can start seeds indoors 6–8 weeks before your last frost date or direct sow after soil warms in spring.

How to plant

• Seed Depth: 1/4" • Plant Spacing: 8-12"

Growing tips

This cultivar thrives in full sun (6–8 hours daily) and well-draining, fertile soil rich in organic matter. Water consistently to keep soil evenly moist but not waterlogged; lettuce leaf basil is more drought-tolerant than some other basils once established. Feed every 3–4 weeks with a balanced fertilizer or compost tea. Pinch out flower buds and the top growing tips regularly to encourage bushier growth and prevent early flowering. The main challenges are powdery mildew in humid conditions (improve air circulation) and spider mites in dry heat (increase humidity with misting).

Harvesting

Begin harvesting leaves 3–4 weeks after transplanting or when plants are 6 inches tall. Pinch off leaves from the top down, always leaving at least two sets of leaves on the stem to support regrowth. Harvest regularly to extend productivity; this cultivar's broad, tender leaves are best used fresh but can be frozen in oil or dried for storage. Pick in the morning after dew dries for best flavor and storage quality.

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